Contrast- is the difference in luminance or color that makes an object (or its representation in an image or display) distinguishable. In visual perception of the real world, contrast is determined by the difference in the color and brightness of the object and other objects within the same field of view. Because the human visual system is more sensitive to contrast than absolute luminance, we can perceive the world similarly regardless of the huge changes in illumination over the day or from place to place. The maximum contrast of an image is the contrast ratio or dynamic range.
Emphasis - special importance, value, or prominence given to something.
Balance (informal balance, and formal balance) - Formal balance- Each side of the vertical center of a photograph has equal weight and have similar or exactly the same shape, texture, and value contrast.
Informal balance- The objects have nearly the same "visual weight" on either side of the vertical center of the photograph composition, but are different in size, shape, texture, or value.
Proportion- refers to the relative size and scale of the various elements in a design. The issue is the relationship between objects, or parts, of a whole.
Perspective- in the graphic arts is an approximate representation, on a flat surface (such as paper), of an image as it is seen by the eye. The two most characteristic features of perspective are that objects are smaller as their distance from the observer increases; that they are foreshortened, ie that the size of an object's dimensions along the line of sight are relatively shorter than dimensionsacross the line of sight.
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